Seite 1 von 5 Diese Haiordnung ist mit aktuell 277 identifizierten Arten die Größte und umfasst viele der „normalen“ Arten, als auch etliche ungewöhnlichere.
Bullenhai (Carcharhinus leucas) Illustration: R. Aidan Martin
Diese Haiordnung ist mit aktuell 277 identifizierten Arten die Größte und umfasst viele der „normalen“ Arten, als auch etliche ungewöhnlichere. Auch finden sich hier einige der bekannteren Arten und auch solche, die potenziell gefährlicher sind. Bekannte Vertreter der Grundhaie sind zum Beispiel der Bullenhai, der Hammerhai, Schwarzspitzen-Hochseehai und die Katzenhaie.
Anders als bei anderen Haiordnungen, in denen es hoch spezialisierte Arten gibt und die untereinander oft wenig miteinander gemein haben, gibt es zwischen den Arten innerhalb der Ordnung der Grundhaie mehr Gemeinsamkeiten. Sie sind sehr anpassungsfähig, können in einer Vielzahl von Lebensräumen leben und haben ein breites Beutespektrum. Neueste Untersuchungen der DNS einiger Arten haben ergeben, dass manche Haifamilien nicht von den selben Vorfahren abstammen, sodass es wohl in naher Zukunft zu einigen Veränderungen bei der Klassifikation der Ordnung kommen wird.
Für die Galerie bitte hier klicken:
Katzenhaie, Familie Scyliorhinidae, und Hundshaie , Familie Triakidae
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Requiemhaie, Familie Carcharhinidae
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Carcharhinus albimarginatus). Photo: Rob Stewart
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Silvertip shark
Silvertip shark
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Carcharhinus albimarginatus). Photo: Mary O'Malley
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Silvertip shark
Silvertip shark
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Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos). Grey Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Mary O'Malley
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Grey Reef Shark
Grey Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos). Grey Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Mary O'Malley
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Grey Reef Shark
Grey Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos). Grey Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Guy Stevens
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Grey Reef Shark
Grey Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos). Grey Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Guy Stevens
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Grey Reef Shark
Grey Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos). Grey Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Mary O'Malley
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Grey Reef Shark
Grey Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus brachyurus) or possibly a blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus), patrols baitball of sardines, Sardinops sagax, Transkei, South Africa (Indian Ocean). Bronze whalers and blacktop sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Bronze whaler
Bronze whaler
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Carcharhinus brachyurus), and blacktip sharks, C . limbatus, swarm outside of a baitball of sardines, waiting for their chance to feed, Transkei, South Africa, (Indian Ocean). Bronze whalers and blacktip sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Bronze whaler
Bronze whaler
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Carcharhinus falciformis). at Silverado, Cocos. Silky sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Jamie Pollack
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Silky Shark
Silky Shark
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Carcharhinus falciformis). Silky sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Rob Stewart
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Silky Shark
Silky Shark
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Carcharhinus falciformis), Bahamas, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean. Silky sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Silky Shark
Silky Shark
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Carcharhinus galapagensis), North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii, Pacific Ocean. Galapagos sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Galapagos shark
Galapagos shark
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Carcharhinus leucas). Bull sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Mary O'Malley
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Bull Shark
Bull Shark
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Carcharhinus leucas). Bull sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Mary O'Malley
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Bull Shark
Bull Shark
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Carcharhinus leucas). Bull sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Danielle Heinrichs
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Bull Shark
Bull Shark
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Carcharhinus limbatus). Blacktip sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Matt Potenski
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Blacktip shark
Blacktip shark
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Carcharhinus longimanus), Hawaii, Pacific Ocean. Oceanic whitetip sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Oceanic whitetip shark
Oceanic whitetip shark
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Carcharhinus longimanus), Hawaii, Pacific Ocean. Oceanic whitetip sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Oceanic whitetip shark
Oceanic whitetip shark
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Carcharhinus melanopterus). Blacktip Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Mary O'Malley
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Blacktip Reef Shark
Blacktip Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus melanopterus). Blacktip Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Mary O'Malley
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Blacktip Reef Shark
Blacktip Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus melanopterus). Blacktip Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Guy Stevens
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Blacktip Reef Shark
Blacktip Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus melanopterus). Blacktip Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Guy Stevens
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Blacktip Reef Shark
Blacktip Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus melanopterus), Moorea, French Polynesia, Pacific Ocean. Blacktip Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Blacktip Reef Shark
Blacktip Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus perezi), Bahamas. Caribbean Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Mary O'Malley
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Caribbean Reef Shark
Caribbean Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus perezi), Bahamas. Caribbean Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Mary O'Malley
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Caribbean Reef Shark
Caribbean Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus perezi), Bahamas. Caribbean Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Mary O'Malley
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Caribbean Reef Shark
Caribbean Reef Shark
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Carcharhinus perezi). Caribbean Reef Sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Matt Potenski
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Caribbean Reef Shark
Caribbean Reef Shark
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Galeocerdo cuvier) in the waters off Grand Bahama. Tiger sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: David Ulloa
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Tiger Shark
Tiger Shark
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Galeocerdo cuvier) with the Shark Angels. Tiger sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Jim Abernethy
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Tiger shark
Tiger shark
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Galeocerdo cuvier). Tiger sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Roger Horrocks
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Tiger shark
Tiger shark
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Galeocerdo cuvier) in the waters off Grand Bahama. Tiger sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Wolfgang Leander
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Tiger Shark
Tiger Shark
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Negaprion brevirostris), with umbilicus, placenta, and chorionic membrane still attached ; sharksuckers, (Naucrates ductor), cling to mother, Bahamas, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean. Lemon sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Lemon shark
Lemon shark
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Negaprion brevirostris) and tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier), with Julie Andersen. Lemon and tiger sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Jim Abernethy
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Lemon shark
Lemon shark
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Negaprion brevirostris). Lemon sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Matt Potenski
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Lemon shark
Lemon shark
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Prionace glauca), Channel Islands, California, Pacific Ocean. Blue sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Blue shark
Blue shark
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Prionace glauca), California Channel Islands, East Pacific Ocean. Blue sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Blue shark
Blue shark
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Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) or porosus), with research tag, Bimini, Bahamas, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean. Atlantic sharpnose sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Atlantic sharpnose shark
Atlantic sharpnose shark
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Triaenodon obesus). Cocos. Whitetip reef sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Jason Buchheim
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Whitetip Reef Shark
Whitetip Reef Shark
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Triaenodon obesus). Whitetip reef sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Mary O'Malley
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Whitetip Reef Shark
Whitetip Reef Shark
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Triaenodon obesus). Whitetip reef sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo: Mary O'Malley
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Whitetip Reef Shark
Whitetip Reef Shark
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Triaenodon obesus). Whitetip reef sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Rob Stewart
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Whitetip Reef Shark
Whitetip Reef Shark
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Triaenodon obesus). Whitetip reef sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Guy Stevens
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Whitetip Reef Shark
Whitetip Reef Shark
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Triaenodon obesus). Whitetip reef sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Guy Stevens
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Whitetip Reef Shark
Whitetip Reef Shark
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Triaenodon obesus). Whitetip reef sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Guy Stevens
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Whitetip Reef Shark
Whitetip Reef Shark
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Triaenodon obesus). Cocos. Whitetip reef sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Jamie Pollack
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Whitetip Reef Shark
Whitetip Reef Shark
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Triaenodon obesus). Whitetip reef sharks are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Photo by: Jamie Pollack
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Whitetip Reef Shark
Whitetip Reef Shark
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Hammerhaie Familie Sphyrnidae
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Hammerhead Shark
Hammerhead Shark
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Sphyrna tiburo), Florida Keys, Florida Bay (Gulf of Mexico). Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Bonnethead shark
Bonnethead shark
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Hammerhead shark
Hammerhead shark
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Hammerhead sharks
Hammerhead sharks
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Sphyrna lewini), Galapagos Islands, East Pacific Ocean. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Scalloped hammerhead shark
Scalloped hammerhead shark
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Sphyrna lewini), Galapagos Islands, East Pacific Ocean. Photo by: Doug Perrine, SeaPics.com.
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Scalloped hammerhead shark
Scalloped hammerhead shark
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Sphyrna lewini), Cocos. Photo by: Jamie Pollack
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Scalloped Hammerhead Shark
Scalloped Hammerhead Shark
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Sphyrna mokarran) in the waters off Grand Bahama. Photo by: wolfgang Leander
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Great Hammerhead Shark
Great Hammerhead Shark
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Sphyrna mokarran) in the waters off Grand Bahama. Photo by: wolfgang Leander
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Great Hammerhead Shark
Great Hammerhead Shark
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Merkmale der Grundhaie
# der Arten
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277
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Körperform
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Obwohl es so viele verschiedene Arten gibt, gibt es doch recht viele Gemeinsamkeiten: rundliche Körper; Manche Arten sind klein und schlank und bis zu 1m groß, während Andere bis zu 3,50 m lang werden. Hammerhaie sind an ihrer typischen abgeflachten Kopfform zu erkennen.
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Position des Mundes
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unterständig
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Afterflosse
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Ja
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Rückenflossen
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2
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Rückendornen
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Nein
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# der Kiemenspalten
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5
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Vermehrung
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unterschiedlich: teils ovipar, ovovivipar oder vivipar (Erläuterungen siehe Glossar)
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besondere Merkmale
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Die Augen haben eine Nickhaut oder ein unteres Augenlied, dass sich bis zu einem gewissen grad schließen lässt.
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Lebensraum
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Grundhaie sind Generalisten und bewohnen als solche fast alle möglichen Lebensräume im Meer. Man findet Arten in Mündungsgebieten, entlang der Küsten, im offenen Ozean und einige Arten sogar im Süßwasser. Sie alle leben in den gemäßigten bis tropischen Zonen des Atlantiks, Pazifiks und des Indischen Ozeans.
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Nahrung
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Breites Beutespektrum, das sowohl Fische, als auch andere Haie, Rochen Tintenfische und Seeschlangen beinhaltet.
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